Source and license notes supplied with these plates. Plate inclusion does not add a study to the review or change its evidence rating.

SOURCES — excitotoxicity-als (academic graphics)

Page: Excitotoxicity in ALS. All imagery is openly licensed (CC0 / CC BY) or rendered by us from public-domain PDB coordinates. No CC BY-SA material used. No image was fabricated or AI-generated.

Used images

1. AMPA glutamate receptor (PDB 3KG2) — rendered by us

What: Cartoon of the AMPA-subtype ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluA2).
Source paper: Sobolevsky AI, Rosconi MP, Gouaux E. "X-ray structure, symmetry and mechanism of an AMPA-subtype glutamate receptor." Nature 2009.
DOI: 10.1038/nature08624 · PMID: 19946266
PDB entry: 3KG2 ("AMPA subtype ionotropic glutamate receptor in complex with competitive antagonist ZK 200775")
License: wwPDB coordinates are public domain; this render was produced for this page with PyMOL.
Attribution line printed on graphic: "PDB 3KG2 · Sobolevsky AI et al., Nature 2009 · public-domain coordinates, rendered for this page"

2. TDP-43 RNA-binding domains (PDB 4BS2) — rendered by us

What: Cartoon of the tandem RNA-recognition motifs of TDP-43 (violet) bound to UG-rich RNA (amber).
Source paper: Lukavsky PJ, Daujotyte D, Tollervey JR, Ule J, Stuani C, Buratti E, Baralle FE, Damberger FF, Allain FHT. "Molecular basis of UG-rich RNA recognition by the human splicing factor TDP-43." Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2013.
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2698 · PMID: 24240615
PDB entry: 4BS2 ("NMR structure of human TDP-43 tandem RRMs in complex with UG-rich RNA")
License: wwPDB coordinates are public domain; this render was produced for this page with PyMOL.
Attribution line printed on graphic: "PDB 4BS2 · Lukavsky PJ et al. · public-domain coordinates, rendered for this page"

3. Spinal cord motor neuron (H&E)

What: Histology of spinal cord tissue showing motor neurons.
Source file: "Nervous Tissue Spinal Cord Motor Neuron (41850849392).jpg"
Authors: Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library.
License: CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nervous_Tissue_Spinal_Cord_Motor_Neuron_(41850849392).jpg
Attribution line printed on graphic: "Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons"

4. TDP-43 inclusions in sporadic ALS (IHC, panels a–l)

What: Immunohistochemistry composite showing p62-, TDP-43- and FUS-positive neuronal inclusions in sporadic ALS.
Source file: "Als inclusions.png"
Authors: Kirby J, Highley JR, Cox L, Goodall EF, Hewitt C, Hartley JA, Hollinger HC, Fox M, Ince PG, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ.
License: CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons.
URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Als_inclusions.png
Attribution line printed on graphic: "Kirby J et al., CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons"

Rejected with reasons

"ALS Disease Pathology and Proposed Disease Mechanisms.jpg" (CC BY 3.0, Van Damme et al.) — a review schematic, considered redundant next to the real IHC panels; kept for a future page if needed.