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Source and license notes supplied with these plates. Plate inclusion does not add a study to the review or change its evidence rating.
Sourced imagery — gut-microbiome-systemic-causality academic infographics
Compiled 2026-10-10. Everything below is real, openly licensed scientific imagery/data. No fabricated content. Only CC0, CC-BY, or public-domain sources are used; CC BY-SA / BY-NC / BY-ND are never used.
Images (kept)
| File | What it shows | Source | DOI / PMCID | License | Required attribution line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sourced/ecoli-sem-niaid.jpg |
Scanning electron micrograph of rod-shaped E. coli bacteria (zoomed crop used) | NIAID (US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), via Wikimedia Commons (File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg) |
— (no paper; US federal government work) | Public domain | Not legally required; credit as "Image: NIAID (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons" |
sourced/small-intestine-histology-openstax.jpg |
Small-intestine wall figure: villus diagram (a), H&E light micrographs (b, c), microvilli EM (d) — only the micrograph panels (b–d) are shown | OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology textbook figure, via Wikimedia Commons (File:2418 Histology Small IntestinesN.jpg) |
— (textbook figure, no paper) | CC BY 3.0 | "OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" |
sourced/colon-histology-taraali4.jpg |
H&E histology of human colon: crypts in transverse section (different crop from the page-22 graphic) | Wikimedia Commons user "Taraali4" (own work), File:Microscopic Histological Sample of the Human Colon.jpg |
— (no paper) | CC BY 4.0 | "Taraali4, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons" |
Rejected candidates (not kept)
| Candidate | Why rejected |
|---|---|
File:Normal colonic mucosa.jpg |
CC BY-SA 2.0 — share-alike license not permitted |
File:Villi & microvilli of small intestine.svg |
CC BY-SA 4.0 — share-alike |
File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg |
CC BY-SA 4.0 — share-alike |
Notes for the graphics build
- No molecular structure (PDB) was needed for this page; the molecular-cascade graphic uses a real SEM plus a clearly labeled schematic of the reciprocal ecosystem.
- The reciprocal-ecosystem schematic uses solid double-headed arrows labeled "observed both ways" — this reflects the review's leading explanation (disease/exposures change microbes AND microbes can affect disease), not raw data.