Selected publication milestones, not an exhaustive history or discovery priority claim.
2013 — Early mouse experiments distinguish viable bacteria from the tested heat-killed preparation. Original PMID23671105.
2016 — Human diet intervention links baseline microbial ecology with response without randomizing bacterial abundance. Original PMID26100928.
2017 — Pasteurized cells and Amuc_1100 provide experimental metabolic/barrier sufficiency in mice. Original PMID27892954.
2018 — Prediabetes taxon association does not transfer impaired glucose regulation to recipient mice. Original PMID29379988.
2018 — Akkermansia vesicles provide experimental barrier and glucose effects in recipient models. Original PMID29472701.
2019 — The first human pilot shows insulin/HOMA and cholesterol signals but unchanged clinical glycemia in selected body Results. Original PMID31263284.
2020 — A defined multi-strain/inulin formulation has a genuine product-specific glucose-control signal. Original PMID32675291.
2021 — A shared pilot-trial secondary analysis narrows a proposed lipid mediator without proving necessity. Original PMID33477821.
2021 — P9 factor and host-pathway experiments narrow a distinct experimental mechanism. Original PMID33820962.
2021 — Direct mouse live/pasteurized comparisons map strain/preparation effects. Original PMID34683361.
2022 — Another Akkermansia species favors its live form, challenging universal processing superiority. Original PMID35805168.
2024 — A different HB05 product improves selected older-adult torque outcomes while grip remains unchanged. Original PMID39683431.
2025 — Live WST01 human trial has a whole-group clinical null with exploratory low-baseline signals. Original PMID39879980.
2025 — A short postbiotic-yogurt trial provides formulation-specific selected anthropometric/liver effects. Original PMID40451504.
2026 — Product-specific randomized maintenance trial shows less regain; this positive becomes explicitly post-discovery supplemental SC5. Original PMID42120725.
2026 — Larger MucT trial has a null primary Matsuda endpoint and exploratory baseline-low marker signals. Original PMID42343233.
2026 — Inulin changes selected outcomes without raising Akkermansia or improving HbA1c/CGM. Original PMID41636295.
2026 — A high-fiber/energy-restriction intervention changes clinical glycemia and several taxa without isolating one microbial mediator. Original PMID42116498.
Prospectively meaningful clinical glycemic/function efficacy of exact pasteurized MucT over at least 12 weeks.
Independent maintenance replication and longer durability after a clearly defined pre-maintenance diet lead-in.
Prespecified baseline-low interactions with multiplicity control rather than within-subgroup significance comparisons.
Direct strain/preparation and commercial-product identity comparisons; named mixture success is not component necessity.
Necessary human factor/barrier mediator testing, distinct from purified factor sufficiency in mice.
Complete body/supplement review and long-term safety beyond small short trial populations.
A blinded randomized exact-preparation MucT trial enrolls baseline-defined overweight insulin-resistant adults, prespecifies clinically meaningful HbA1c/glucose/function outcomes at 24 weeks, and stratifies low Akkermansia before outcomes with a registered interaction test. Retain full-population estimands and multiplicity controls. A separate replicated 24-week maintenance trial assesses objective regain after a pre-maintenance diet lead-in, with independent outcome/diet/activity measurement and a prespecified durability extension.