Selected publication milestones, not an exhaustive history or discovery priority claim.
2016 — Early weekly dose-finding establishes short exposure-response evidence and selects higher doses for phase 3; it is not long microdose maintenance. Original PMID26358288.
2017 — SUSTAIN 1 provides placebo-controlled 0.5/1 mg diabetes results at 30 weeks. Original PMID28110911.
2017 — A small 1 mg weekly crossover study directly measures reduced intake and appetite. Original PMID28266779.
2018 — Daily obesity dose-ranging demonstrates weight effects under a distinct injection schedule. Original PMID30122305.
2020 — SUSTAIN 8 DXA highlights absolute lean loss versus higher lean proportion without function testing. Original PMID31897524.
2021 — STEP 1 establishes 2.4 mg efficacy in BMI-defined non-diabetic adults at 68 weeks. Original PMID33567185.
2021 — STEP 4 demonstrates standard-dose continuation sensitivity after a tolerability run-in. Original PMID33755728.
2022 — Pooled STEP analyses separate gastrointestinal events from most observed weight loss without direct mediator manipulation. Original PMID34514682.
2023 — STEP 5 adds longer-term craving/eating-control measures, with early-only hunger/fullness contrasts. Original PMID36655300.
2023 — SELECT demonstrates hard cardiovascular benefit at the tested standard exposure. Original PMID37952131.
2025 — An older-diabetes retrospective cohort raises a context-specific functional concern requiring causal follow-up. Original PMID40631351.
2026 — SEMALEAN reports improved grip despite early lean loss in an uncontrolled standard-dose cohort. Original PMID41068996.
2026 — FLEX-SEMA documents response-selected flexible dosing; original-body threshold bins require correction of the indexed summary. Original PMID41725422.
2026 — A selected reduced-frequency case series suggests a distinct de-escalation question rather than microdose initiation. Original PMID41732031.
2026 — INFORM introduces semaglutide-specific FNQ recall data but cannot establish necessary mediation. Original PMID42217114.
2026 — A 60-week randomized study separates persistent objective intake/weight effects from waning subjective appetite contrasts. Original PMID42323166.
Direct randomized below-0.5 mg weekly maintenance at 24-68 weeks in the registered baseline BMI population.
Separate low-dose initiation from de-escalation after successful higher-dose loss; retain response/tolerance selection explicitly.
Matched noninferiority and simultaneous benefit-harm comparison against 2.4 mg, rather than final-dose observational nulls.
Prospective validated food-noise measurement and necessary-mediator testing distinct from appetite, cravings, nausea and one-meal intake.
Integrated absolute muscle mass, muscle quality, objective strength/function and nutrition across baseline age/diabetes strata.
Arm-specific low-dose phase 2 data and independent checking of complete bodies/supplements; three selected partial-body checks do not constitute a full-paper audit.
A blinded randomized study in baseline-defined adults meeting the registered BMI criteria, stratified by diabetes, assigns a specified weekly injectable maintenance exposure below 0.5 mg, matched placebo and 2.4 mg with identical behavioral support. Prespecify 52-week weight change and at least 5% responder status, estimands, missingness, adverse events and objective strength/function. A separately randomized de-escalation arm can test maintenance after standard-dose loss without redefining the initial-treatment claim.