Microbiota can causally influence systemic phenotypes in defined models and selected human settings. Engraftment, clinical benefit and disease initiation remain different claims; positive and null FMT studies prevent a universal intervention narrative.
This dated addendum adds selected evidence and tests that could resolve the remaining questions. It does not regrade the archived review.
Each question identifies a limit in the checked evidence. A missing search result alone does not establish a gap in the entire field.
Competing explanation: Microbial functions may require permissive host ecology or dietary substrate.
Discriminating test: Factorial donor/function-by-diet testing with colonization measures; prespecified host phenotypes and independent recipient replication.
Competing explanation: Stool compositional change may lack functional relevance or fade before clinical benefit.
Discriminating test: Longer randomized studies with function/metabolites, metabolic outcomes and post-treatment follow-up; define target engagement before outcome analysis.
Competing explanation: Comparator activity, bowel cleansing, donor properties or measurement choices may create apparent disagreement.
Discriminating test: Harmonized multisite trial with matched preparation, sham expectations, donor characterization and common motor/nonmotor endpoints.
Competing explanation: Medication, transit, inflammation or disease can generate the microbial signature.
Discriminating test: Prospective pre-onset cohorts plus randomized disease-stage interventions and time-ordered mediator analysis; control treatment, diet and transit.
Electronic publication dates are used where recorded, with issue years shown separately. This is a selected chronology, not a claim of scientific priority or independent replication for every entry.
A defined commensal species restored Th17-related autoimmunity and arthritis in susceptible mice.
What it cannot establish: Host genotype and immune context are part of the demonstrated causal system.
Insulin sensitivity improved at six weeks after allogenic transfer.
What it cannot establish: Short-term metabolic response is not proof that dysbiosis initiated common metabolic disease.
Donor-related adiposity phenotypes and diet-dependent rescue were transmissible.
What it cannot establish: Recipient environment and diet condition the transfer phenotype.
Metformin-associated signals were separated from diabetes-associated microbial signatures.
What it cannot establish: Observed disease signatures can partly reflect treatment; correction notice retained.
Short-term insulin-sensitivity response depended on baseline microbiota and was not sustained at 18 weeks.
What it cannot establish: Responder prediction and durability require independent prospective testing.
Engraftment occurred without clinically significant metabolic effects during follow-up.
What it cannot establish: Microbial target engagement is insufficient to assume systemic efficacy.
A mild long-term motor benefit was reported after donor FMT.
What it cannot establish: Small phase-2 study and specific comparator do not establish universal efficacy.
FMT did not produce clinically meaningful improvement.
What it cannot establish: Donor, bowel preparation and outcome differences need direct comparison, not selective citation.
FMT was tolerated; recurrence patterns suggested benefit on a secondary outcome.
What it cannot establish: Secondary and post hoc contrasts must retain their analysis status.
Microbial/metabolite differences appeared without reproducing metabolic or behavioural obesity phenotypes.
What it cannot establish: A bounded transfer null does not erase effects under other diets or host conditions.
Case-specific Consensus records assisted gap discovery, chronology and targeted paper questions. Shared template wording about an amyloid-specific Deep follow-up is not evidence of a Deep run for this topic; the dated source records establish the actual use and access limits. Primary identifiers, selected abstract passages, correction notices and available primary-body passages were cross-checked. Generated absence cells, duplicate milestones and unsupported access claims were rejected.
Methods and engraftment Results: clamp M-value was the primary metabolic measure at six weeks; engraftment varied and persisted. Primary abstract reports no clinically significant metabolic effect.
This focused addendum does not establish 50–70 complete primary Methods/Results examinations per review. Baseline reading receipts and scores retain their original scope.
Selected full-text checks: 1; abstract checks: 9; metadata-only anchors: 0. Complete-paper examinations credited in this update: 0.
New enrichment: HSEF v5.3 causal distinctions. Archived scorecard schema: 5.4; retained as recorded.
PMID 20620945 · DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.001
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 22728514 · DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
Linked notices: Correction (identifier unavailable in this record)
Linked notice presence was checked in the primary record; its scientific impact was not verified in this update.
PMID 24009397 · DOI 10.1126/science.1241214
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 26633628 · DOI 10.1038/nature15766
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
Linked notices: Correction 28470190
Linked notice presence was checked in the primary record; its scientific impact was not verified in this update.
PMID 28978426 · DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.008
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 32150549 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003051
Selected full-text passages checked. Methods and engraftment Results: clamp M-value was the primary metabolic measure at six weeks; engraftment varied and persisted. Primary abstract reports no clinically significant metabolic effect.
PMID 38686220 · DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102563
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 39073834 · DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.2305
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 39800192 · DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.12.047
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
PMID 40316655 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-99047-z
Selected abstract passages checked. Primary record and selected abstract passages checked; no complete-paper appraisal credited.
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