Selected publication milestones, not an exhaustive history or discovery priority claim.
2011 — Full pluripotent reprogramming resets aged-human-cell traits but entails identity loss and redifferentiation. Original PMID22056670.
2013 — In vivo factor induction demonstrates pluripotency and multi-organ teratoma hazards. Original PMID24025773.
2016 — Senescence and IL6 create a permissive mouse tissue state for reprogramming. Original PMID27884981.
2016 — Cyclic partial factors improve progeroid survival and selected old-wild-type recovery outcomes. Original PMID27984723.
2018 — AAV delivery achieves full reprogramming and teratomas even without c-Myc in a specific setting. Original PMID29985406.
2018 — PhenoAge develops clinical-risk prediction, which is distinct from intervention surrogate validation. Original PMID29676998.
2020 — Transient human-cell mRNAs improve cellular measures and graft function in mouse recipients. Original PMID32210226.
2020 — Retinal OSK provides actual mouse vision benefit and TET/TDG dependence with demethylation alone insufficient. Original PMID33268865.
2021 — A short diet/lifestyle pilot shifts a clock without establishing partial reprogramming or clinical years regained. Original PMID33844651.
2022 — A single OSKM cycle resets mouse multiomics, retaining the marker-versus-function boundary. Original PMID35235716.
2022 — Human fibroblasts regain identity after temporary suppression; migration varies independently of clock changes. Original PMID35390271.
2022 — Factor-subset screens separate youthful expression from partly separable somatic-identity suppression. Original PMID35690067.
2022 — Fly cyclic-versus-continuous expression maps survival benefit and regimen-dependent harms. Original PMID36287172.
2022 — Technical clock-replicate noise motivates more reliable measurement without supplying clinical surrogacy. Original PMID36277076.
2023 — Induced epigenomic-change models give mechanistic aging leads, with an attached erratum and forced-injury limits. Original PMID36638792.
2023 — Chemical cell cocktails reset selected transcript/compartment measures, providing cellular rather than human clinical evidence. Original PMID37437248.
2023 — Continuous systemic induction causes organ dysfunction; organ exclusions attenuate mouse toxicity. Original PMID38012287.
2023 — Retinal follow-up shows duration and withdrawal-dependent vision benefits within the same therapeutic platform. Original PMID38060815.
2024 — Very-old male mouse remaining-life and frailty positives require buffer-control and survivor-selection interpretation. Original PMID38381405.
2024 — Immune composition is explicitly separated from cell-intrinsic clock change. Original PMID39095531.
2024 — Aged-cell-directed OSK expands mouse functional/survival and observed-tumor feasibility evidence. Original PMID39259812.
2024 — Human cultured-MSC rejuvenation coexists with a viral-residue adverse assay. Original PMID39684245.
2025 — Old female rat cognition improves in a short neural gene-therapy context, with limited safety follow-up. Original PMID39037528.
2025 — Chemical reprogramming combines human-cell hallmarks with worm lifespan, preserving species separation. Original PMID40588563.
2026 — Engram-targeted OSK expands selected mouse cognitive contexts rather than human efficacy. Original PMID41672073.
2026 — Original public-dataset reanalysis identifies conserved CpGs without adding five new functional trials. Original PMID42647204.
Controlled durable adult-human clinical function rather than cell or animal transfer.
Independent clock-to-function intervention-surrogate validation and separate safety prediction.
Quantified exact-factor delivery/duration safety windows across relevant tissues and baseline diseases.
Mechanism-specific rescue distinguishing epigenetic repair from selection, dedifferentiation, altered metabolism and injury-specific regeneration.
Late-life versus developmental, sex, species and tissue generalization; remaining lifespan distinguished from total life.
Complete supplements, source-overlap reconstruction and long-term safety beyond the selected body passages.
A prospective exact-delivery adult-human trial measures independently masked objective clinical function and disease trajectory against a justified concurrent comparator, with prespecified exposure duration and full-recipient estimands. Analyze clock change independently of training/selection and test whether it predicts function beyond baseline factors. Use monitored dose/duration windows and long-term identity, inflammatory, delivery and tumor surveillance; no outcome-defined recipient exclusions.