Cutoff: 12 October 2026. Consensus supports discovery and checks of specific source aspects; it is not a primary study, a full-paper audit or a causal probability meter.
The examined original 2021 nutrition trial has 208 older adults randomized to carbohydrate, collagen, whey, light training plus whey, or heavy training plus whey for one year. Protein-only arms are null; loading contrasts are positive. This is a retrieval identity error, not missing literature, and no training-only arm proves whey synergy. Original PMID33564844. Access: abstract_metadata.
The separate original 65-person nutrition-only trial reports a positive SPPB interaction without lean-mass gain; leg-extension strength is only a trend. This positive functional result prevents an unqualified no-benefit summary. Exact achieved total protein remains unverified at our abstract access depth. Original PMID22889730. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original abstract agrees. It is NCT01110369, separate from the 65-person nutrition-only NCT01109628 study. Their endpoint difference does not represent duplicate reporting or contradictory measurements in the same cohort. Original PMID22770932. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original abstract agrees with this endpoint hierarchy. Vitamin D, leucine, whey and other nutrients are bundled; the benefit cannot be assigned to protein quantity alone or described as a positive primary functional trial. Original PMID26170041. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original selected PMC Methods/Results confirms controlled energy, intake checks and separately analyzed outcomes. This strong null in its baseline-defined group is retained without generalizing to every malnourished or frail older adult. Original PMID29532075. Access: full_text_partial.
Original abstract verifies 80 participants, matched resistance training, actual intake 1.11 versus 0.85 g/kg/day, and preserved appendicular lean mass. Strength and physical function improve over time without between-arm differences; review-level language cannot replace that functional null. Original PMID25646324. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original 120-person randomized trial in malnourished prefrail/frail elders directly compares 0.8, 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg/day: highest-dose mass and secondary gait improvement are positive, intermediate-dose outcomes null. The scoped clinical positive is retained while rejecting a universal dose rule. Original PMID30475969. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original Methods/Results shows prescribed targets differ from achieved intake, no fat-free-mass protein main or interaction effect, and selected grip/gait interactions. Secondary interactions and positive within-arm changes are not interchangeable with a general protein effect. Original PMID28166780. Access: full_text_partial.
Original abstract identifies the same 380-person RCT plus voluntary open-label extension. It informs product-specific tolerability over six months, not a new independent causal efficacy line or universal renal safety. Original PMID32162241. Access: abstract_metadata.
Original OPEN abstract has a null main function result, with body-weight and high-adherence subgroup signals. Adherence after allocation cannot define a preregistered beneficiary group; caregiver-time reanalysis is the same trial. Original PMID32471657. Access: abstract_metadata.
Consensus was used to identify literature and cross-check specific claims about design, endpoints, scope and research gaps. Those aspects were checked against original primary abstracts/status records and selected original Methods/Results passages. Consensus output was not treated as original full text. Provider search omissions are not evidence that a study does not exist. Source access and examination receipts are retained. Scite use or monthly unavailability is recorded per case; provider citation counts do not change causal grades.