Selected publication milestones, not an exhaustive history or discovery priority claim.
2006 — 2006 acute EAA/leucine tracer experiments demonstrate composition-sensitive synthesis. Original PMID16507602.
2012 — 2012 bed rest shows reduced anabolic response, linking inactivity to a physiological boundary. Original PMID22338078.
2012 — 2012 nutrition-only frailty trial improves SPPB without mass gain. Original PMID22889730.
2012 — 2012 separate training trial increases lean mass without added strength or SPPB benefit. Original PMID22770932.
2015 — 2015 PROVIDE retains secondary chair-rise and lean-mass positives with primary functional nulls. Original PMID26170041.
2015 — 2015 weight-loss formulation preserves lean mass without additional function. Original PMID25646324.
2017 — 2017 factorial weight-loss study reports modest achieved dose separation and endpoint-specific interactions. Original PMID28166780.
2018 — 2018 controlled feeding tests above-RDA intake with no functional advantage in its enrolled group. Original PMID29532075.
2018 — 2018 malnourished frailty dose trial identifies highest-dose mass and gait benefit. Original PMID30475969.
2020 — 2020 year-long whey trial in sarcopenia reports functional nulls. Original PMID31734121.
2021 — 2021 CALM separates ineffective protein alone from effective heavy loading. Original PMID33564844.
2021 — 2021 PRO-Elderly finds no nutrition add-on to training. Original PMID34358827.
2026 — 2026 small fermented-whey trial supplies a positive multinutrient replication lead. Original PMID41805014.
2026 — 2026 adequate-intake older-women trial finds training benefits without added leucine. Original PMID40926079.
A universalabove-RDA targetcannotbe readfromanacuteMPS plateau or observational dietassociation.
The relativecontributionofproteinquantity,quality,energy correction,vitaminD andexercise needsmatchedcomponent controls.
Longterm musclefunction isnotidenticaltoDXA/BIA leanmass orbiochemicalanabolism.
Achievedintake andbaselinefrailty/nutrition interactionsneed independentprospective replication;frailtyalone isnot aresponderdefinition.
Medication-assistedweightloss protein/training evidence isstilldirectlyneeded;protocols do notvalidateallGLP-1muscle-loss mitigation claims.
Renalstate,exposure duration andproduct ingredientsdefine safetyinference;short unchangedcreatinine isnotall-populationsafetyproof.
A preregistered multicenter isocaloricproteinquantitytrial with0.8g/kg/day comparator and clearlyachieved higherintake, stratifiedbeforeoutcomes bynutrition/frailty andincluding a factorial resistance-training component; GLP-1treated adults needtheirown controlled stratum withmeasuredfunction.