{
  "title": "What this review means",
  "includeSubclaimIllustrations": false,
  "redteamReviewed": true,
  "accessNotice": "Source checking used bounded original primary abstract passages/status records and selected original partial-body passages. No complete-abstract or complete-paper audit, or independent scientific peer review, is claimed. Detailed access counts and limitations appear in the review.",
  "overview": "Higher protein intake can improve selected muscle outcomes in some older adults - most clearly in nutritionally vulnerable groups, with one open-label trial also reporting a walking benefit in community-dwelling adults whose habitual intake was near the allowance; other controlled trials at similar intake find no benefit, and lean-mass changes do not establish stronger or more functional muscle.",
  "implications": "The registered primary-subclaim rule selects SC3. A quantified above-RDA protein contrast produced a modest functional benefit in a baseline malnourished, pre-frail or frail population. Controlled feeding and supplementation nulls in other defined populations limit generalization, supporting Ε with Moderate confidence. Acute synthesis and lean mass do not establish universal strength preservation. Weakest-link returns Γ; primary-subclaim and scope-matched return Ε. An open-label six-month dietary-advice trial (PROMISS, PMID 34609621) in non-malnourished community-dwelling adults with near-allowance habitual intake also improved its primary 400-m walk outcome, but it co-increased energy intake and lost significance per protocol, while OPTIMen was null at similar baseline intake, so reproducible intervention effects for Ζ are still not met.",
  "limitations": "57 primary reports with 5 selected partial-body examinations. Confidence is Moderate because the trials differ in formulation, achieved intake, comparator and endpoint, and positive and null results do not reproduce across baseline contexts; access depth is recorded separately and does not set the band. The grade applies to the exact registered claim; stronger findings for narrower subclaims remain separate. No complete-paper audit or blinded calibration is claimed. This educational review does not establish an individual treatment recommendation."
}