Selected publication milestones, not an exhaustive history or discovery priority claim.
2009 — Late-life heterogeneous-mouse survival extension establishes genuine mammalian intervention efficacy. Original PMID19587680.
2009 — Acute human contraction study shows suppressed early muscle protein synthesis, motivating regimen/timing tradeoffs. Original PMID19188252.
2012 — Mouse tissue/activity benefits coexist with cataract and testicular effects, separating benefit-harm by phenotype. Original PMID22587563.
2013 — Comprehensive mouse assessment finds lifespan extension with limited aging-trait changes and aging-independent responses. Original PMID23863708.
2014 — Dose and sex modify heterogeneous-mouse longevity; dietary restriction is not the same metabolic intervention. Original PMID24341993.
2014 — Human RAD001 vaccine response positive provides an immune-specific translational signal. Original PMID25540326.
2014 — Late-life C57 BL/6 function/survival positives retain tissue and sex distinctions. Original PMID23682161.
2016 — Alternative mouse schedules/rapalogs reduce selected daily-treatment metabolic/immune adverse effects. Original PMID26463117.
2016 — Late-life intermittent female-mouse treatment extends survival without establishing human functional equivalence. Original PMID27091134.
2016 — Transient mouse exposure produces persistent effects with a dose/sex tumor-spectrum boundary. Original PMID27549339.
2016 — Old selected low-capacity-runner rats show grip and running effects, adding a functional model context. Original PMID26997106.
2018 — Older-human daily pilot finds no grip/walking or cognition benefit with selected hematological changes. Original PMID29408453.
2018 — Short human TORC1 combination trial reports immune and infection positives in a defined context. Original PMID29997249.
2018 — Senescent-cell transfer and intermittent senolytics show mouse physical/survival effects and human-explant marker changes. Original PMID29988130.
2019 — Open-label IPFsenolytic functional signal motivates controlled testing rather than established clinical efficacy. Original PMID30616998.
2019 — Small open-label kidney-disease D+Qtrial reduces tissue markers without proving healthy human physical function. Original PMID31542391.
2019 — Topical human skin trial shows markers/appearance effects with high attrition and different exposure scope. Original PMID31761958.
2021 — Later m TOR-inhibitor phase III clinical illness is null despite target gene effects; endpoint definitions matter. Original PMID33977284.
2023 — Randomized IPFpilot supports feasibility but lacks meaningful functional superiority and is underpowered. Original PMID36857968.
2024 — Postmenopausal senolytic primary bone-resorption null coexists with early/exploratory signals. Original PMID38956196.
2025 — Female mouse exercise adaptations are preserved while glucose effects worsen, preventing wrong-direction blanket inference. Original PMID40704394.
2025 — PEARL48-week primary visceral-fat null and small female composition/pain signals expose endpoint/exposure limits. Original PMID40188830.
2026 — Direct 13-week weeklyrapamycin exercise trial is functional primary-null with negative sensitivity contrasts. Original PMID41985884.
2026 — Older-human immune marker/genoprotection experiments provide mechanism evidence separate from physical function. Original PMID41524558.
Independent positive healthy-older-human functional evidence with registered endpoints and longer follow-up.
Drug timing relative to training and dose-specific anabolic/metabolic tradeoffs in a prespecified factorial experiment.
Compounded/commercial bioequivalence and measured target responses before interpreting nominal PEARL doses.
Multiplicity, small sex strata and missing-data interpretation of PEARL exploratory signals.
Human aging trajectory and survival separate from vaccine, antiviral genes, infection, mouse tumor delay and clocks.
Long-term and uncommon infection/metabolic/wound risks; selected surveys or short screened trials cannot establish universal safety.
Controlled senolytic disease/agent-specific functional evidence, target-cell identity and independent replication.
A registered multicenter 52–104 week placebo-controlled trial of verified commercial-equivalent intermittent doses in otherwise healthy adults aged 50 or older, with balanced exercise strata, objective function as primary and prospective dose/exposure/sex analyses, followed by independent replication.